the ladle teeming process [6-8]. Similarly, the fluid flow phenomenon in the tundish has also been widely ... method. A ladle-tundish-mould model was developed, and the flow behavior and carbon mixing throughout this process were investigated. The ... thermal conductivity, p is the specific heat, c …

on time. The partial model for determination of thermal losses through the ladle lining is part of model for temperature change of steel in ladle. This one solves thermal losses through the lining in partial sections. Time interval between the tap and the end of casting was selected into 6 partial sections: 1. fi lling of ladle after the tap 2.

The model calculated the heat transfer and the velocity field in the gas phase inside the ladle as well as the heat transfer in the solid walls during the preheating process.

the top of the ladle, steel level in the ladle, bath superheat, and their physical and chemical properties. The melting kinetics of a particle is consistent with a scene where the particle enters a region of the bulk metal with high turbulence, su ers a rapid melting process, and enters later in a region with medium or

Aug 09, 2018· by preheating for preferably 15–20 h, these stres-ses can be reduced.8 In addition, an increased ladle preheating temperature can reduce the tempera-ture drop of the steel melt and the temperature gradient of ladle linings, mitigate the thermal shock damage of lining materials, and thus extend the service life of the steel ladle.9 The effects of

thermal stress due to temperature deviation in the shell. Further-more, mechanical factors consist of the weight of the refractory and molten iron, the tare weight of the ladle when lifted, and the effect of tilting of the ladle when discharging molten iron. 2.2 Development of highly accurate refractory behavior model

process. A 2D axisymmetric mathematical model was developed to predict the ladle lining and steel shell temperature during the full ladle cycle. The estimated steel shell temperature during drying and preheating process of a newly lined ladle was in good agreement with the …

The model calculated the heat transfer and the velocity field in the gas phase inside the ladle as well as the heat transfer in the solid walls during the preheating process. Measurements of the temperature profiles in an industrial ladle were carried out using an infrared thermography.

The model calculated the heat transfer and the velocity field in the gas phase inside the ladle as well as the heat transfer in the solid walls during the preheating process. Measurements of the temperature profiles in an industrial ladle were carried out using an infrared thermography.

The stationary thermal ladle model can be used for calcula-tions and predictions of temperature distribution in the ladle lining at the end of the charged state. But the temperature distribution during the charge as function of time cannot be calculated from the stationary thermal ladle model. The lining wear occurs mainly during of charged state.

The efficiency of ladle heating can be substantially improved by preheating the combustion air using waste gas, oxygen enriching of the air, or changing the air ratio. These actions lead to an increase of the combustion temperature and a decrease of the waste gas volume rate. Hence the knowledge of the flow conditions in the ladle is of decisive importance for further reduction of the waste ...

−− This work describes a computational model named TEMREP, which determines the thermal states of a tundish and the liquid steel temperature during continuous casting, as a function of steel ladle teeming temperature evolution, heat losses to tundish refractory lining, and insulating coating during transient and steady states of the operating process. Solution of the thermal equations is ...

Steel ladles need to be preheated to avoid thermal shock damage to the refractory lining. The preheating process lasts up to 40 hours. A natural gas firing is used as energy source to preheat the refractory lining up to a temperature of 1000 °C. Due to the high excess air flow during combustion, the exhaust gas contains considerable amount of ...

linings under thermal shock was investigated with mathematical modeling methods. As an example a standard periclasse – chromite refractory lining of DH-degasser was taken. Two types of thermal shock were considered – during heating and cooling of the lining. Thermal stress while preheating process was also calculated. A

A typical thermal cycle of steel ladle refractory linings includes: Step 1, preheating the working lining using natural gas burner (to around 1400 ° C); step 2, slight temperature decrease due to thermal losses while moving from the preheating device to the converter and waiting for liquid steel tapping; step 3, sudden temperature increase due ...

control of process parameters during LF processing of liquid steel is essential. They report development of a model based advisory system, called ladle furnace on-line reckoner (LFOR), for the prediction and control of temperature and composition of steel in a LF. The thermal and chemistry models employed in the LFOR system

economical technique of ladle metallurgy is a process conducted in a steel ladle. The process of melt mixing in a ladle in order to achieve chemical and thermal homogeneity is a complex phenomenon. There are attempts to describe it by means of characteristic sequence of physical partial processes with the simultaneous help of data coming from ...

Oct 11, 2011· The model calculated the heat transfer and the velocity field in the gas phase inside the ladle as well as the heat transfer in the solid walls during the preheating process. Measurements of the temperature in an industrial lade were carried out using an infrared radiation (IR) camera.

Aug 09, 2018· The finite element modeling of the steel ladle with an elastic material behavior was performed using the commercial software, ABAQUS. The process included preheating of the hot face of the working lining for 20 h to 1100°C and a subsequent thermal shock caused by tapping the steel melt with a temperature of 1600°C into the ladle.

distribution in the ladle wall during the preheating process. The model calculated the heat transfer and the velocity field in the gas phase inside the ladle as well as the heat transfer in the solid walls during the preheating process. Measurements of the temperature profiles in an industrial ladle were carried out using an infrared thermography.

burner system for ladle preheating - Regenerating burner use - High Energy Saving (about 40 %) - Automatic control - FDI Combustion - 0.20 - NOx reduction Contribute to better atmosphere around at workfloor 0.40 0.2 A-10 Oxygen burner system for ladle preheating - Rapid and high temperature ladle heating by oxygen burner - Automatic control

Image caption, Kanthal ladle heater (002): The range of innovative Kanthal electric ladle heaters are now offered with thermal modelling, consultancy and installation services. Kanthal Kanthal is a world-leading brand for products and services in the fields of industrial heating technology and resistance materials.

plified process model are discussed. The final part of the paper provides examples of how the simplified models for hydrogen and sulphur refining can be used on-line as well as off-line in production. 2. Fundamental Mathematical Model The three-phase mathematical model of a vacuum-de-gassed ladle takes into account the gas (argon injection),

distribution in the ladle wall during the preheating process, a two dimensional model was developed. The model calculated the heat transfer and the velocity field in the gas phase inside the ladle as well as the heat transfer in the solid walls during the preheating process. Measurements of the temperature in an industrial lade

In order to conclude the process, a steel sample is taken and the ladle is released to begin the continuous ingot casting process. 3. Neural network thermal model In order to start the process of defining the thermal model variables, all factors that, according to the literature and ex-perts on ladle furnace, would affect the variation of the ...

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The model calculated the heat transfer and the velocity field in the gas phase inside the ladle as well as the heat transfer in the solid walls during the preheating process. Measurements of the temperature profiles in an industrial ladle were carried out using an infrared thermography.

The Module gives a feedback over the thermal status of the ladle. The Thermal Status is calculated based on the temperature samples made during the several process steps and on the runtime from Module No. 2 and based on lining situation from Module No.4 the a thermal status (eight states - from could to hot) is calculated.

model named TEMREP, which determines the thermal states of a tundish and the liquid steel tem-perature during continuous casting, as a function of steel ladle teeming temperature evolution, heat losses to tundish refractory lining, and insulating coating during transient and steady states of the operating process.

A novel process for production of silicon metal from quartz (e.g. sand) and coke has been partly developed based on experiments in the PRESS reactor. The three process steps are shown diagramatically in Fig. 3. All the SiO, consumed by the process is fed to the highly endothermic Step 1, where the transferred DC arcs(s) supply the heat.

Thermal Modelling of the Ladle Preheating Process Abstract To predict the temperature distribution in the ladle wall during the preheating process a two dimensional model was developed. The model calculated the heat transfer and the velocity field in the gas phase inside the ladle as well as the heat transfer in the solid walls during the ...

Oct 15, 2018· The volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase model has been employed to track the interface between the liquid metal and the air. The SST k-ω model has been applied to model the turbulence due to natural convection in the ladle. The temperature evaluation in the refractory lining walls during preheating and teeming is shown.

Classification of thermomechnical impact factors and prediction model for ladle preheating Publikationen : Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift › Artikel › Forschung › (peer-reviewed) R-curves determination of ordinary refractory ceramics assisted by digital image correlation method

Metallurgical Tasks Adjustment of the needed chemical composition and steel temperatureAdjustment of the needed chemical composition and steel temperature Deoxidation and removal of non metallic inclusions (NMI) Desulphurization de [S] Degassing de [H] de [[]N] Decarburization de [C] „Clean Steel“ 9 | 24 to 27. April 2016, Cologne, Refractory Technology Part II, Steel Teeming Ladle,· A ...

An approach to the construction of thermal fields, assuming the presence of defects in the lining and in the case of intersecting thermal fields, is proposed. 13 To predict the temperature distribution in the ladle wall during the preheating process, a two-dimensional model was developed. The model calculated the heat transfer and the velocity ...

・Thermal Energy Savings ・CO2 Reduction ・Environmental benefits ・Co-benefits ・Profit A-9 A. Energy Saving for Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Low NOx regenerative burner system for ladle preheating Item Content 1. Process Flow or Diagram 2. Technology Definition/Specification While one of the burners is burning, the other burner will work ...